ABAP Interview Questions
2. What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how
they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
3. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It
describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the
semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element
describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
4. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between
tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to
ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing
data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key
relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many
dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
5. Describe data classes.-
Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed.Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a
customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured
and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for
itself.
6. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast
access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to
the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are
activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the
database.
7. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables:
Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in
database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database
has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data.
Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the
table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary.
Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
8. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3
simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with
statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical
reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and
a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical
database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a
query on the functional group generated.
9. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic
procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central
component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input
programs and groups associated data into "sessions".
10. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer
successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like
Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional
modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a
session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
11. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table
calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of
database tables according to users need.
12. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which
converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and viceversa.
Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in
R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside
the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of
automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to languagedependent
HTML documents at runtime.
13. What is DynPro?-
DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.14. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a
tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI
screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are
the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the
interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and
titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both
are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
15. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a
standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating
forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and
character string. ABAP/4 program.
16. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?-
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST
VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of
a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and
functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report
contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this
set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different
columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display.
This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns
from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the
display with the wide array of display options.
17. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection,
At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
18. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the
ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between
the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation
provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and
essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding
on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your
development project.19. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of
logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database.
A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an
ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is
complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central
authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance
while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis
advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the
GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block
associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET
or an END-OF-SELECTION).
20. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored
in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name
behind it, and how next screen is processed.
21. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the
sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the
source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
22. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all
new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
23. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?-
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or
cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are
client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display
the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object
attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has
this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
24. What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded
at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the
program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an
abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A
FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is
(more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is
not really possible, prevent the use of them (I've never used them, but seen them
in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the
subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
Which table stores the Programs created?
Table: TRDIR
How can we compare two programs
Se30
Here we can get tips and tricks for different ABAP queries
Difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing?
syncronu is sequentioal updation of feilds where as usencro is not in
series
Answers to your questions--
1> What is BDC recording?
in BDC recording you record the transaction through which you want to
upload data. This
tool will create a program for you and you dont need to create the
program manually. You
can code both call transaction and session method using this tool .
2> What is the role of BDCdata in call transaction method?
in bdc you need to pass data to particular screen and particular screen
fields.We do this using the
structure BDCDATA available in the abap dictonary. for more
information just have a look at a
sample code for BDC.
3> what is bdcmsgcol and how it works with call transaction method?
BDCMSGCOLL is a structure available in the abap dictonary. We use this
to handle errors in call
transaction. We need to declare an internal table like bdcmsgcoll.
When a database table is updated we get some messages like sucessfull , or
not sucessfull or sucessful with some warning message. All these messages
5
pass through this structure. We can capture them using a function module
called FORMAT_MESSAGE.
4> What is the role of (gui_upload) functional module in call
> transaction method?
its the same as ws_upload or Upload fm. used for uploading data from flat
file to internal table.
5> what is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous update?
in synchronous updated the parent table is updated along with the child
tables and then a sy-subrc is returned. 0 fior sucessful and 4 or 8 for not
sucessful. While in asynchronous updatetion after the updation of the
parent table we get a sy-subrc return. The system is not bothered if the
child tables are updated or not.
) What is SAP ABAP?
SAP is a type of software known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) that large company use to manage their day to day affairs. ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is the coding language for SAP to develop RICEFW objects. (Reports, Interfaces, Extensions, Forms and Workflows).
2) What do you mean by an ABAP data dictionary?
To describe the logical structures of the objects that are used in application development ABAP 4 data dictionary is used. It is also used to show the underlying relational database in tables.
3) Explain the difference between pool tables and transparent tables?
Transparent tables: It has one to one relation with the table in the database. Its structure corresponds to single database field.
Pooled tables: It has many to one relation with the table in the database. Pooled tables are stored at the database level.
a) Basic List: For simple reports
b) Statistics: For Percentage, Average etc.
c) Ranked List : For analytical reports
4) What do you mean by BDC (Batch Data Communications) programming?
It is an automatic procedure to transfer large or external data into SAP system. 'Queue file' is the central component of the transfer, which receives the data through batch input programs and groups that are associated into 'sessions'.
5) Describe the data classes?
The data classes are classified into following classes
Master Data: The data in this class seldom change
Transaction Data: The data can be changed often in this class
Organization Data: This data is a customized data and is entered in the system when the system is configured. It is rarely changed.
System Data: This data is used by R/3 system itself
6) What are the internal tables?
Internal table exists only when the program is run. It is used for performing table calculations on subset of database tables and also for re-organizing the content of database tables as per the users need.
7) List down the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
There are 3 functional modules which are used in sequence to perform data transfer successfully using BDC programming. They are
a) BDC_OPEN_GROUP
b) BDC_INSERT
c) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
8) What is a foreign key relationship?
To ensure the consistency of data, foreign keys are used. The relationship established between the tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Data entered should be checked against the existing data to ensure that there is no contradiction. Cardinality has to be specified while defining foreign key relationship.
9) In ABAP what are the differences between table and structure in data dictionary?
The difference between structure and table is
a) Data can be stored physically in Table, but a structure cannot
b) Structure does not have primary key but table can have
c) Table can have the technical attribute but the structure does not have
10) What is Smart Forms?
Smart forms allow you to create forms using a graphical design tool.
11) What are the components of SAP scripts?
For SAP, SAP scripts are a word processing tool. It has a function like standard text and layout sets. Its layout set consists of: Windows and pages, Character formats, Paragraph formats etc.
12) How to create 'table cluster'?
a) In ABAP dictionary, select object type Table, enter a table name and choose create
b) A field maintenance screen for the table is displayed. Table type Transparent table, set it as a default
c) Make the necessary entries in the short description and delivery classified on the Attributes page. Then define the fields of the table.
d) Proceed as when creating a transparent table. Now save your entries
e) Now choose EXTRASàChange table category
f) When a dialogue box appears you have to select the table type 'Pooled table' or 'Cluster table'
g) After selecting the table, return to the field maintenance screen for the table. Field pool or cluster name is displayed on the Attributes tab page in addition to the standard fields.
h) Now enter the name of the table cluster or table pool to which you want to assign the cluster table.
13) How can you format the data before write statement in the report?
By using the loop event the reports output can be formatted
a) .at first
b) .at new
c) .at last
14) Explain the difference between Template and Table?
The difference between the table and template is that, table is a dynamic and template is a static.
15) Mention what is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV stands for Application List Viewer. To enhance the output of the report, SAP provides a set of ALV function modules which can be used, and it also improves the functionality and readability of any report output. It is an efficient tool used for arranging the columns in a report output.
16) When do we use End-of-selection?
End of the selection event is mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrieved in the start of selection event and printing on the list and all will be done at the end of the selection event.
17) Mention the difference between ABAP and OOABAP? In what situation do you use OOABAP?
ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3, while OOABAP is used to develop BSP/ PCUI applications and also anything that an involved object oriented like BADI's and SmartForms etc.
18) What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
Over here, buffer means memory area, table buffer means the table information is available on the application server. When you call data from database table, it will come from application server. Transparent tables and pool tables are buffered, while cluster table cannot be buffered.
19) What is the use of 'pretty printer'?
To format the ABAP code 'pretty printer' is used.
20) What is the difference between 'Type' and 'Like'?
'Type': You assign data type directly to the data object while declaring.
'Like': You assign the data type of another object to the declaring data object.
'Type' refers the existing data type while 'Like' refers to the existing data object.
21) What are the different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
The 2 editors are SE38 and SE80 and both have the ABAP editor in place. In SE38 , you can create programs and view online reports and basically do all the development of objects in this editor. In SE80, there are additional features such as creating packages, function group, module pool, classes, programs and BSP applications.
22) Explain the difference between dialog program and a report?
A report is an executable program; dialog is a module pool program. It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog programming is used for customizations of screens.
23) What is lock object?
To synchronize access of several users using same data Lock objects are used.
24) How data is stored in cluster table?
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables. It stores data as name value pair.
25) How can you debug a script form?
To debug a script form, you have to follow
SE71-->give the form name->utilities->activate debugger
26) What are different types of data dictionary objects?
The different types of data dictionary objects are:
a) Tables
b) Views
c) Domain
d) Data Element
e) Type Groups
f) Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
g) Lock Objects
h) Structures
i) Table Types
27) What are the ways you can do the tuning? What are the major steps will you use for these?
Tunning can be done in three ways disk i/o, SQL tunning and memory tunning. Before tunning, you have to get the status of your database using oracle utility called statpack and tkprof .
28) In the 'select' statement what is 'group by'?
To fetch the data from the table by the specified field Group by Clause is used.
29) What is dispatcher?
A control agent referred as SAP dispatcher, manages resources for the R/3 applications.
30) Mention what are the two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
There are two methods for modifying SAP standard tables
a) Append structures
b) Customizing includes
31) What is the difference between a 'Database index' and a 'Match code'?
'Database Index' contains fields from one table while 'Match Code' contain fields from several tables. Match code objects can be built on cluster tables, transparent tables and pooled tables.
32) Explain the benefits of modularization technique?
By using modularization techniques, you can avoid redundancy if the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs, we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and update.
33) How can you create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
a) By defining Macros
b) By creating include programs in the library.
34) What are different types of parameters? How can you distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
The different types of parameters are
a) Formal Parameters: It is defined during the definition of subroutine with the 'FORM' statement
b) Actual Parameters: It is specified during the call of a subroutine with the 'PERFORM' statement
You can distinguish different kind of parameters by their functionality. Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines, while output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
35) What are the different databases Integrities?
a) Semantic Integrity
b) Relational Integrity
c) Primary Key Integrity
d) Value Set Integrity
e) Foreign Key Integrity
f) Operational Integrity
What is an internal table and work area in SAP ABAP ?
How much memory will be allocated for internal table and work area ?
What is types statement in SAP ABAP programing ?
How do you read data from database table in SAP ABAP ?
What is difference between append and insert statements in SAP ABAP ?
What is webdynpro for ABAP ?
what is the event that will be triggered first in an ABAP report?
What are the differences between simple and interactive ABAP reports?
Types of ABAP reports in SAP?
How many lists can be displayed through an interactive report?
what are the events in interactive reporting?
What is the length of function code at user-command?
What is an ABAP data dictionary?
What are domains and data element?
What is foreign key relationship?
Describe data classes in SAP ?
What are indexes in SAP tables?
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables?
What is an ABAP/4 Query in SAP?
What is BDC programming ?
What are internal tables?
What are the components of SAP scripts?
Can we write the code both call transaction and session method in single program?
Which BDC technique you prefer?
When you prefer LSMW in SAP?
Difference between .include and .append?
How to debug sapscripts ?
What is occurs in internal table?
Type of parameters to pass to RFC pass by value or pass by referance ?
Buffering concept usage in SAP Tables?
Which BDC you prefer for data migration?
Preformance techniques in ABAP reports
How to debug sapscripts in SAP?
What is occurs in internal table?
How the values will be passed to RFC Function module PassbyValue or Passbyreference?
Select up to 1 row and select single difference ?
How to Debug RFC Function module?
Why sapscripts are client dependent and smart forms are client independent.?
Control break events in ABAP?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHECK TABLE AND VALUE TABLE?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CLUSTER TABLES AND POOLED TABLES?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ABAP MEMORY AND SAP MEMORY?
WHAT IS AN INTERNAL TABLE? EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES?
What is the difference between AT SELECTION-SCREEN and AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT?
What is the difference between SY-INDEX and SY-TABIX?
What is the difference between VIEW and a TABLE in SAP?
What is the difference between PASS BY VALUE and PASS BY REFERENCE?
What is the difference between Master data and Transaction data in SAP?
What will you use SELECT SINGLE or SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS?
How to transport variants in SAP ABAP?
How to create checkbox in selection-screen using write statement?
Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
What is a Data Class in SAP Data Dictionary?
What is a Size Category in SAP Data Dictionary?
What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
What are local objects in SAP?
What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
To how many tables can an append structure be assigned?
What is a Match Code in SAP Data Dictionary?
Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?
What is the function of a Domain in SAP Data Dictionary?
Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.
What are subroutines in SAP Programs?
Difference between IDOC and IDOC type?
What is a table pool in SAP?
What is the difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX?
Which client number you use for the current project?
You are running a report. It is taking long time for execution. What steps will you do to reduce the execution time?
After running a BDC program in background, next day morning when you see the results, few records are not updated(error records). What will you do then?
You are given functional specs for a BDC program and you need to decide whether to write a method call transaction or a session. How u will decide?
What is the difference between report and script?
How do you get functional specs when you are assigned some object?
What are conversion routines in SAP ABAP?
What is Modularization and its benefits?
What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
What is a function Group in SAP?
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
How to transport text elements in SAP ABAP?
What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
What are the types of parameters in the function modules?
What is the difference between Leave Transaction and Call Transaction?
Which event is executed first at-selection-screen or at-selection-screen-output in sap abap?
What is the difference between Structure and work area?
what is structure of IDOC?
How can debug runtime IDOC?
How to avoid Transport Request in Table maintenance Generator??
What is the use of Folder in Smartforms ?
what is extension in and extension out in BAPI ?
In interactive report if user 19 times double clicked, again he want to main screen.. how can do this?
What is the difference in a Table and a Template in Smartform?
Can you move a Smartform from one SAP system to another without using transports?
Can you have a Smartform without a main window?
How do you find the name of the Function Module for a Smartform?
How data is stored in cluster table?
What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?
On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs?
In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically
How do you get output from IDOC?
When top of the page event is triggered?
Can we create field without data element and how?
How do we debug sapscript?
How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.
What is the use of "FOR ALL ENTRIES" in SAP ABAP ?
Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?
What are the difference between Table and Structure?
What are field symbols in SAP ABAP?
Can you have a Smartform without a main window?
How do you find the name of the Function Module for a Smartform? When is this function module created?
What is a Final Window in smartforms?
What is the transaction for Recording BDC ?
How do you read files from the Application server ?
How do you read/write files from/to the presentation server in SAP ABAP ?
What are the different modes of processing batch input sessions?
What is the structure of the BDC table?
How do you do BDC for a table control?
Are sapscripts client dependent or independent ?
What are components of Layout Set in sapscript?
Differentiate between Page1 & Page2 format in sapscript?
How many main windows can we define per form and per page in sapscripts?
Differentiate between Character format & Paragraph format in sapscript?
What is SAP style maintainace ?
How will create standard text? How will you insert standard text in SAP Script?
Can we use Function Modules in sapscript layout set ?
Can we use Subroutine within a sapscript Layout set?
Can we call another Form from same print program in sapscript?
How do you upload logo in SAP script ?
I have 1 basic list and 15 secondary list in interactive report. If i am in 9th list, how can i come directly to the basic list?
I have a Ztable, I wants to add one more field to the table without disturbing previous data, what should I do ?
Can we sort internal table without using SORT statement ? Explain ?
What are dynamic modifications of a screen? explain?
Can we use call transaction and session method in the same program ? explain ?
Can we display multiple ALV`s in the same screen without using container ?
How do we generate IDOC in SAP ?
How to reprocess error IDOC's ?
How to reprocess edited IDOC's ?
Can we have the same append structure in more then one Database Table ?
What is TMG in SAP ?
Difference between select option and ranges in SAP ABAP ?
Can you define a field without a data element in SAP ABAP ?
What is difference between Internal Table without Header Line and Internal Table with Header Line.
what is the tcode for output types ?
What is the diff between select single star and select up to ?
What is difference between Function module and RFC?
What is the difference between BAPI and RFC?
What is the role of NAST table in SAP ?
What is the role of TNAPR table in SAP ?
How to create a JOB in SAP ?
What is database LUW in SAP ?
What is the role of MODIF ID in abap ?
Describe Internal Table and Work area?
How to modify a standard smartform
What will happen if i sort a sorted internal table ?
Why Pass by referesnce cannot be used in BAPI
what are the differences between scripts & smart forms?
what is the difference between data type D and data type DATS?
WHAT IS THE ABRIVATION FOR SAP
how many Types of Internal Table?
What are different database tables in SAP ABAP
how to modify standard smartforms?
What is the difference between BADI and User Exits ?
tcode used to download / upload sapscript?
How to create an lock object at screen level while constructing Dialog program
Hello the data dictionary
Can we add include structure in standard table or structure?
what is selection screen in sap abap
What is Delivery class in SAP Data Dictionary
they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
3. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It
describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the
semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element
describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
4. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between
tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to
ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing
data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key
relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many
dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
5. Describe data classes.-
Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed.Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a
customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured
and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for
itself.
6. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast
access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to
the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are
activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the
database.
7. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables:
Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in
database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database
has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data.
Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the
table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary.
Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
8. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3
simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with
statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical
reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and
a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical
database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a
query on the functional group generated.
9. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic
procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central
component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input
programs and groups associated data into "sessions".
10. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer
successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like
Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional
modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a
session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
11. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table
calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of
database tables according to users need.
12. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which
converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and viceversa.
Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in
R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside
the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of
automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to languagedependent
HTML documents at runtime.
13. What is DynPro?-
DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.14. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a
tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI
screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are
the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the
interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and
titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both
are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
15. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a
standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating
forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and
character string. ABAP/4 program.
16. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?-
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST
VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of
a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and
functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report
contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this
set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different
columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display.
This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns
from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the
display with the wide array of display options.
17. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection,
At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
18. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the
ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between
the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation
provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and
essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding
on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your
development project.19. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of
logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database.
A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an
ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is
complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central
authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance
while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis
advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the
GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block
associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET
or an END-OF-SELECTION).
20. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored
in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name
behind it, and how next screen is processed.
21. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the
sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the
source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
22. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all
new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
23. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?-
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or
cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are
client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display
the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object
attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has
this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
24. What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded
at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the
program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an
abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A
FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is
(more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is
not really possible, prevent the use of them (I've never used them, but seen them
in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the
subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
Which table stores the Programs created?
Table: TRDIR
How can we compare two programs
Se30
Here we can get tips and tricks for different ABAP queries
Difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing?
syncronu is sequentioal updation of feilds where as usencro is not in
series
Answers to your questions--
1> What is BDC recording?
in BDC recording you record the transaction through which you want to
upload data. This
tool will create a program for you and you dont need to create the
program manually. You
can code both call transaction and session method using this tool .
2> What is the role of BDCdata in call transaction method?
in bdc you need to pass data to particular screen and particular screen
fields.We do this using the
structure BDCDATA available in the abap dictonary. for more
information just have a look at a
sample code for BDC.
3> what is bdcmsgcol and how it works with call transaction method?
BDCMSGCOLL is a structure available in the abap dictonary. We use this
to handle errors in call
transaction. We need to declare an internal table like bdcmsgcoll.
When a database table is updated we get some messages like sucessfull , or
not sucessfull or sucessful with some warning message. All these messages
5
pass through this structure. We can capture them using a function module
called FORMAT_MESSAGE.
4> What is the role of (gui_upload) functional module in call
> transaction method?
its the same as ws_upload or Upload fm. used for uploading data from flat
file to internal table.
5> what is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous update?
in synchronous updated the parent table is updated along with the child
tables and then a sy-subrc is returned. 0 fior sucessful and 4 or 8 for not
sucessful. While in asynchronous updatetion after the updation of the
parent table we get a sy-subrc return. The system is not bothered if the
child tables are updated or not.
) What is SAP ABAP?
SAP is a type of software known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) that large company use to manage their day to day affairs. ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is the coding language for SAP to develop RICEFW objects. (Reports, Interfaces, Extensions, Forms and Workflows).
2) What do you mean by an ABAP data dictionary?
To describe the logical structures of the objects that are used in application development ABAP 4 data dictionary is used. It is also used to show the underlying relational database in tables.
3) Explain the difference between pool tables and transparent tables?
Transparent tables: It has one to one relation with the table in the database. Its structure corresponds to single database field.
Pooled tables: It has many to one relation with the table in the database. Pooled tables are stored at the database level.
a) Basic List: For simple reports
b) Statistics: For Percentage, Average etc.
c) Ranked List : For analytical reports
4) What do you mean by BDC (Batch Data Communications) programming?
It is an automatic procedure to transfer large or external data into SAP system. 'Queue file' is the central component of the transfer, which receives the data through batch input programs and groups that are associated into 'sessions'.
5) Describe the data classes?
The data classes are classified into following classes
Master Data: The data in this class seldom change
Transaction Data: The data can be changed often in this class
Organization Data: This data is a customized data and is entered in the system when the system is configured. It is rarely changed.
System Data: This data is used by R/3 system itself
6) What are the internal tables?
Internal table exists only when the program is run. It is used for performing table calculations on subset of database tables and also for re-organizing the content of database tables as per the users need.
7) List down the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
There are 3 functional modules which are used in sequence to perform data transfer successfully using BDC programming. They are
a) BDC_OPEN_GROUP
b) BDC_INSERT
c) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
8) What is a foreign key relationship?
To ensure the consistency of data, foreign keys are used. The relationship established between the tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Data entered should be checked against the existing data to ensure that there is no contradiction. Cardinality has to be specified while defining foreign key relationship.
9) In ABAP what are the differences between table and structure in data dictionary?
The difference between structure and table is
a) Data can be stored physically in Table, but a structure cannot
b) Structure does not have primary key but table can have
c) Table can have the technical attribute but the structure does not have
10) What is Smart Forms?
Smart forms allow you to create forms using a graphical design tool.
11) What are the components of SAP scripts?
For SAP, SAP scripts are a word processing tool. It has a function like standard text and layout sets. Its layout set consists of: Windows and pages, Character formats, Paragraph formats etc.
12) How to create 'table cluster'?
a) In ABAP dictionary, select object type Table, enter a table name and choose create
b) A field maintenance screen for the table is displayed. Table type Transparent table, set it as a default
c) Make the necessary entries in the short description and delivery classified on the Attributes page. Then define the fields of the table.
d) Proceed as when creating a transparent table. Now save your entries
e) Now choose EXTRASàChange table category
f) When a dialogue box appears you have to select the table type 'Pooled table' or 'Cluster table'
g) After selecting the table, return to the field maintenance screen for the table. Field pool or cluster name is displayed on the Attributes tab page in addition to the standard fields.
h) Now enter the name of the table cluster or table pool to which you want to assign the cluster table.
13) How can you format the data before write statement in the report?
By using the loop event the reports output can be formatted
a) .at first
b) .at new
c) .at last
14) Explain the difference between Template and Table?
The difference between the table and template is that, table is a dynamic and template is a static.
15) Mention what is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV stands for Application List Viewer. To enhance the output of the report, SAP provides a set of ALV function modules which can be used, and it also improves the functionality and readability of any report output. It is an efficient tool used for arranging the columns in a report output.
16) When do we use End-of-selection?
End of the selection event is mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrieved in the start of selection event and printing on the list and all will be done at the end of the selection event.
17) Mention the difference between ABAP and OOABAP? In what situation do you use OOABAP?
ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3, while OOABAP is used to develop BSP/ PCUI applications and also anything that an involved object oriented like BADI's and SmartForms etc.
18) What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
Over here, buffer means memory area, table buffer means the table information is available on the application server. When you call data from database table, it will come from application server. Transparent tables and pool tables are buffered, while cluster table cannot be buffered.
19) What is the use of 'pretty printer'?
To format the ABAP code 'pretty printer' is used.
20) What is the difference between 'Type' and 'Like'?
'Type': You assign data type directly to the data object while declaring.
'Like': You assign the data type of another object to the declaring data object.
'Type' refers the existing data type while 'Like' refers to the existing data object.
21) What are the different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
The 2 editors are SE38 and SE80 and both have the ABAP editor in place. In SE38 , you can create programs and view online reports and basically do all the development of objects in this editor. In SE80, there are additional features such as creating packages, function group, module pool, classes, programs and BSP applications.
22) Explain the difference between dialog program and a report?
A report is an executable program; dialog is a module pool program. It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog programming is used for customizations of screens.
23) What is lock object?
To synchronize access of several users using same data Lock objects are used.
24) How data is stored in cluster table?
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables. It stores data as name value pair.
25) How can you debug a script form?
To debug a script form, you have to follow
SE71-->give the form name->utilities->activate debugger
26) What are different types of data dictionary objects?
The different types of data dictionary objects are:
a) Tables
b) Views
c) Domain
d) Data Element
e) Type Groups
f) Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
g) Lock Objects
h) Structures
i) Table Types
27) What are the ways you can do the tuning? What are the major steps will you use for these?
Tunning can be done in three ways disk i/o, SQL tunning and memory tunning. Before tunning, you have to get the status of your database using oracle utility called statpack and tkprof .
28) In the 'select' statement what is 'group by'?
To fetch the data from the table by the specified field Group by Clause is used.
29) What is dispatcher?
A control agent referred as SAP dispatcher, manages resources for the R/3 applications.
30) Mention what are the two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
There are two methods for modifying SAP standard tables
a) Append structures
b) Customizing includes
31) What is the difference between a 'Database index' and a 'Match code'?
'Database Index' contains fields from one table while 'Match Code' contain fields from several tables. Match code objects can be built on cluster tables, transparent tables and pooled tables.
32) Explain the benefits of modularization technique?
By using modularization techniques, you can avoid redundancy if the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs, we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and update.
33) How can you create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
a) By defining Macros
b) By creating include programs in the library.
34) What are different types of parameters? How can you distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
The different types of parameters are
a) Formal Parameters: It is defined during the definition of subroutine with the 'FORM' statement
b) Actual Parameters: It is specified during the call of a subroutine with the 'PERFORM' statement
You can distinguish different kind of parameters by their functionality. Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines, while output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
35) What are the different databases Integrities?
a) Semantic Integrity
b) Relational Integrity
c) Primary Key Integrity
d) Value Set Integrity
e) Foreign Key Integrity
f) Operational Integrity
What is an internal table and work area in SAP ABAP ?
How much memory will be allocated for internal table and work area ?
What is types statement in SAP ABAP programing ?
How do you read data from database table in SAP ABAP ?
What is difference between append and insert statements in SAP ABAP ?
What is webdynpro for ABAP ?
what is the event that will be triggered first in an ABAP report?
What are the differences between simple and interactive ABAP reports?
Types of ABAP reports in SAP?
How many lists can be displayed through an interactive report?
what are the events in interactive reporting?
What is the length of function code at user-command?
What is an ABAP data dictionary?
What are domains and data element?
What is foreign key relationship?
Describe data classes in SAP ?
What are indexes in SAP tables?
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables?
What is an ABAP/4 Query in SAP?
What is BDC programming ?
What are internal tables?
What are the components of SAP scripts?
Can we write the code both call transaction and session method in single program?
Which BDC technique you prefer?
When you prefer LSMW in SAP?
Difference between .include and .append?
How to debug sapscripts ?
What is occurs in internal table?
Type of parameters to pass to RFC pass by value or pass by referance ?
Buffering concept usage in SAP Tables?
Which BDC you prefer for data migration?
Preformance techniques in ABAP reports
How to debug sapscripts in SAP?
What is occurs in internal table?
How the values will be passed to RFC Function module PassbyValue or Passbyreference?
Select up to 1 row and select single difference ?
How to Debug RFC Function module?
Why sapscripts are client dependent and smart forms are client independent.?
Control break events in ABAP?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHECK TABLE AND VALUE TABLE?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CLUSTER TABLES AND POOLED TABLES?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ABAP MEMORY AND SAP MEMORY?
WHAT IS AN INTERNAL TABLE? EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES?
What is the difference between AT SELECTION-SCREEN and AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT?
What is the difference between SY-INDEX and SY-TABIX?
What is the difference between VIEW and a TABLE in SAP?
What is the difference between PASS BY VALUE and PASS BY REFERENCE?
What is the difference between Master data and Transaction data in SAP?
What will you use SELECT SINGLE or SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS?
How to transport variants in SAP ABAP?
How to create checkbox in selection-screen using write statement?
Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
What is a Data Class in SAP Data Dictionary?
What is a Size Category in SAP Data Dictionary?
What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
What are local objects in SAP?
What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
To how many tables can an append structure be assigned?
What is a Match Code in SAP Data Dictionary?
Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?
What is the function of a Domain in SAP Data Dictionary?
Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.
What are subroutines in SAP Programs?
Difference between IDOC and IDOC type?
What is a table pool in SAP?
What is the difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX?
Which client number you use for the current project?
You are running a report. It is taking long time for execution. What steps will you do to reduce the execution time?
After running a BDC program in background, next day morning when you see the results, few records are not updated(error records). What will you do then?
You are given functional specs for a BDC program and you need to decide whether to write a method call transaction or a session. How u will decide?
What is the difference between report and script?
How do you get functional specs when you are assigned some object?
What are conversion routines in SAP ABAP?
What is Modularization and its benefits?
What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
What is a function Group in SAP?
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
How to transport text elements in SAP ABAP?
What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
What are the types of parameters in the function modules?
What is the difference between Leave Transaction and Call Transaction?
Which event is executed first at-selection-screen or at-selection-screen-output in sap abap?
What is the difference between Structure and work area?
what is structure of IDOC?
How can debug runtime IDOC?
How to avoid Transport Request in Table maintenance Generator??
What is the use of Folder in Smartforms ?
what is extension in and extension out in BAPI ?
In interactive report if user 19 times double clicked, again he want to main screen.. how can do this?
What is the difference in a Table and a Template in Smartform?
Can you move a Smartform from one SAP system to another without using transports?
Can you have a Smartform without a main window?
How do you find the name of the Function Module for a Smartform?
How data is stored in cluster table?
What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?
On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs?
In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically
How do you get output from IDOC?
When top of the page event is triggered?
Can we create field without data element and how?
How do we debug sapscript?
How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.
What is the use of "FOR ALL ENTRIES" in SAP ABAP ?
Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?
What are the difference between Table and Structure?
What are field symbols in SAP ABAP?
Can you have a Smartform without a main window?
How do you find the name of the Function Module for a Smartform? When is this function module created?
What is a Final Window in smartforms?
What is the transaction for Recording BDC ?
How do you read files from the Application server ?
How do you read/write files from/to the presentation server in SAP ABAP ?
What are the different modes of processing batch input sessions?
What is the structure of the BDC table?
How do you do BDC for a table control?
Are sapscripts client dependent or independent ?
What are components of Layout Set in sapscript?
Differentiate between Page1 & Page2 format in sapscript?
How many main windows can we define per form and per page in sapscripts?
Differentiate between Character format & Paragraph format in sapscript?
What is SAP style maintainace ?
How will create standard text? How will you insert standard text in SAP Script?
Can we use Function Modules in sapscript layout set ?
Can we use Subroutine within a sapscript Layout set?
Can we call another Form from same print program in sapscript?
How do you upload logo in SAP script ?
I have 1 basic list and 15 secondary list in interactive report. If i am in 9th list, how can i come directly to the basic list?
I have a Ztable, I wants to add one more field to the table without disturbing previous data, what should I do ?
Can we sort internal table without using SORT statement ? Explain ?
What are dynamic modifications of a screen? explain?
Can we use call transaction and session method in the same program ? explain ?
Can we display multiple ALV`s in the same screen without using container ?
How do we generate IDOC in SAP ?
How to reprocess error IDOC's ?
How to reprocess edited IDOC's ?
Can we have the same append structure in more then one Database Table ?
What is TMG in SAP ?
Difference between select option and ranges in SAP ABAP ?
Can you define a field without a data element in SAP ABAP ?
What is difference between Internal Table without Header Line and Internal Table with Header Line.
what is the tcode for output types ?
What is the diff between select single star and select up to ?
What is difference between Function module and RFC?
What is the difference between BAPI and RFC?
What is the role of NAST table in SAP ?
What is the role of TNAPR table in SAP ?
How to create a JOB in SAP ?
What is database LUW in SAP ?
What is the role of MODIF ID in abap ?
Describe Internal Table and Work area?
How to modify a standard smartform
What will happen if i sort a sorted internal table ?
Why Pass by referesnce cannot be used in BAPI
what are the differences between scripts & smart forms?
what is the difference between data type D and data type DATS?
WHAT IS THE ABRIVATION FOR SAP
how many Types of Internal Table?
What are different database tables in SAP ABAP
how to modify standard smartforms?
What is the difference between BADI and User Exits ?
tcode used to download / upload sapscript?
How to create an lock object at screen level while constructing Dialog program
Hello the data dictionary
Can we add include structure in standard table or structure?
what is selection screen in sap abap
What is Delivery class in SAP Data Dictionary
